3rd

2011,12

ubuntu安装mrtg手记

Ubuntu的学习之路Raselion

因为需要，需要监控下网络环境，试着安装了一下mrtg，ubuntu虽然安装简单，但也遇到了一点小波折。

安装软件：
apt-get install apache2
apt-get install mrtg
apt-get install snmpd

编辑snmpd：
vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

查找到类似的行，修改为如下所示：（仅仅修改屏蔽或放开）
# sec.name source community
# com2sec paranoid default public # kommentieren
com2sec readonly default public # <- auskommentieren
#com2sec readwrite default private

重启snmpd服务：
/etc/init.d/snmpd restart

重新生成mrtg的配置文件：
cfgmaker public@localhost > /etc/mrtg.cfg

（注意）如果仅仅监视一个IP地址采用如下命令：
cfgmaker public@192.168.0.1 >> /etc/mrtg.cfg

生成mrtg的主页：
indexmaker /etc/mrtg.cfg > /var/www/mrtg/index.html

访问：

http://localhost/mrtg/

 

一般来说上面的步骤不会有一点问题，但有的时候会出现“Use of uninitialized value $first in hash element at /usr/bin/indexmaker line 353.”的错误。

这个错误呢一般是由于mrtg模板问题造成的，下面发一个我改的模板上来

# Created by
# /usr/bin/cfgmaker public@localhost

### Global Config Options

#  for UNIX
# WorkDir: /home/http/mrtg

#  for Debian
WorkDir: /var/www/mrtg

#  or for NT
# WorkDir: c:\mrtgdata

### Global Defaults

#  to get bits instead of bytes and graphs growing to the right
# Options[_]: growright, bits

EnableIPv6: no

######################################################################
# System: mrtg-test
# Description: Linux mrtg-test 2.6.32-4-pve #1 SMP Tue Mar 29 09:08:37 CEST 2011 i686
# Contact: Root <root@localhost> (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)
# Location: Unknown (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)
######################################################################

### Interface 1 >> Descr: 'lo' | Name: 'lo' | Ip: '127.0.0.1' | Eth: '' ###
### The following interface is commented out because:
### * it is a Software Loopback interface
#
#Target[localhost_lo]: #lo:public@localhost:
#SetEnv[localhost_lo]: MRTG_INT_IP="127.0.0.1" MRTG_INT_DESCR="lo"
#MaxBytes[localhost_lo]: 1250000
#Title[localhost_lo]: Traffic Analysis for lo -- mrtg-test
#PageTop[localhost_lo]: <h1>Traffic Analysis for lo -- mrtg-test</h1>
# 		<div id="sysdetails">
# 			<table>
#				<tr>
# 					<td>System:</td>
# 					<td>mrtg-test in Unknown (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>Maintainer:</td>
# 					<td>Root &lt;root@localhost&gt; (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>Description:</td>
# 					<td>lo  </td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>ifType:</td>
# 					<td>softwareLoopback (24)</td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>ifName:</td>
# 					<td>lo</td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>Max Speed:</td>
# 					<td>1250.0 kBytes/s</td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>Ip:</td>
##### 					<td>127.0.0.1 (localhost.localdomain)</td>
# 				</tr>
# 			</table>
# 		</div>
#

### Interface 2 >> Descr: 'venet0' | Name: 'venet0' | Ip: '192.168.0.1' | Eth: '' ###
### The following interface is commented out because:
### * has a speed of 0 which makes no sense
#
Target[localhost_venet0]: #venet0:public@localhost:
SetEnv[localhost_venet0]: MRTG_INT_IP="61.189.20.55" MRTG_INT_DESCR="venet0"
MaxBytes[localhost_venet0]: 125000
Title[localhost_venet0]: Traffic Analysis for venet0 -- mrtg-test
PageTop[localhost_venet0]: <h1>Traffic Analysis for venet0 -- mrtg-test</h1>
 		<div id="sysdetails">
 			<table>
 				<tr>
 					<td>System:</td>
 					<td>mrtg-test in Unknown (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>Maintainer:</td>
 					<td>Root &lt;root@localhost&gt; (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>Description:</td>
 					<td>venet0  </td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>ifType:</td>
 					<td>Other (1)</td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>ifName:</td>
 					<td>venet0</td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>Max Speed:</td>
 					<td>0.0 Bytes/s</td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>Ip:</td>
 					<td>192.168.0.1</td>
 				</tr>
 			</table>
 		</div>
修改完这个配置文件之后就可以用刚才访问的地址来查看网络的监控状态了。
下面在几个其他的监控：
二安装CPU负载监视[默认5分钟采集一次] 

切换到超级用户： 
sudo -sH 

安装软件： 
apt-get install sysstat 

建立CPU脚本： 
mkdir /opt/mrtg 
vim /opt/mrtg/mrtg.cpu 
#!/bin/bash 
cpuusr=`/usr/bin/sar -u 1 3 | grep Average | awk '{print $3}'` 
cpusys=`/usr/bin/sar -u 1 3 | grep Average | awk '{print $5}'` 
UPtime=`/usr/bin/uptime | awk '{print $3""$4""$5}'` 
echo $cpuusr 
echo $cpusys 
echo $UPtime 
hostname 

使脚本可以执行： 
chmod +755 /opt/mrtg/mrtg.cpu 

修改 /etc/mrtg.cfg 在文件最后加入cpu项目 
Target[cpu]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.cpu` 
MaxBytes[cpu]: 100 
Options[cpu]: gauge, nopercent, growright 
YLegend[cpu]: CPU loading (%) 
ShortLegend[cpu]: % 
LegendO[cpu]: &nbsp; CPU us; 
LegendI[cpu]: &nbsp; CPU sy; 
Title[cpu]: CPU Loading 
PageTop[cpu]: <H1>CPU Loading</H1> 

重新生成索引页面： 
indexmaker /etc/mrtg.cfg > /var/www/mrtg/index.html


三安装WWW连接数监视[默认5分钟采集一次] 

切换到超级用户： 
sudo -sH 

建立WWW脚本： 
mkdir /opt/mrtg 
vim /opt/mrtg/mrtg.www 
#!/bin/bash 
all=`netstat -a | grep www|awk '{print $5}'|sort | wc -l|awk '{print$1 - 1}'` 
user=`netstat -a | grep www|awk '{print $5}'|cut -d":" -f1|sort| uniq |wc -l | awk '{print $1 - 1}'` 
if [ "$all" = "-1" ]; then 
echo 0 
else 
echo $all 
fi 
if [ "$user" = "-1" ]; then 
echo 0 
else 
echo $user 
fi 
UPtime=`/usr/bin/uptime | awk '{print $3 " " $4 " " $5}'` 
echo $UPtime 
hostname 

使脚本可以执行： 
chmod +755 /opt/mrtg/mrtg.www 

修改 /etc/mrtg.cfg 在文件最后加入www项目 
Target[www]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.www` 
MaxBytes[www]: 500 
Options[www]: nopercent, growright 
YLegend[www]: Online Users 
ShortLegend[www]: % 
LegendI[www]: &nbsp; Connect : 
LegendO[www]: &nbsp; Online : 
Title[www]: WWW Connect 
PageTop[www]: <H1> WWW Connect </H1> 

重新生成索引页面： 
indexmaker /etc/mrtg.cfg > /var/www/mrtg/index.html




四安装内存使用监视[默认5分钟采集一次] 

切换到超级用户： 
sudo -sH 

建立RAM脚本： 
mkdir /opt/mrtg 
vim /opt/mrtg/mrtg.ram 
#!/bin/bash 
# run this script to check the mem usage. 
totalmem=`/usr/bin/free |grep Mem |awk '{print $2}'` 
usedmem=`/usr/bin/free |grep Mem |awk '{print $3}'` 
UPtime=`/usr/bin/uptime | awk '{print $3""$4""$5}'` 
echo $totalmem 
echo $usedmem 
echo $UPtime 
hostname 

使脚本可以执行： 
chmod +755 /opt/mrtg/mrtg.ram 

修改 /etc/mrtg.cfg 在文件最后加入ram项目 
Target[ram]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.ram` 
#Unscaled[ram]: dwym 
MaxBytes[ram]: 2048000 
Title[ram]:Memory 
ShortLegend[ram]: & 
kmg[ram]:kB,MB 
kilo[ram]:1024 
YLegend[ram]: &nbsp; Memory Usage : 
Legend1[ram]: &nbsp; Total Memory : 
Legend2[ram]: &nbsp; Used Memory : 
LegendI[ram]: &nbsp; Total Memory : 
LegendO[ram]: &nbsp; Used Memory : 
Options[ram]: growright,gauge,nopercent 
PageTop[ram]:<H1>Memory</H1> 

重新生成索引页面： 
indexmaker /etc/mrtg.cfg > /var/www/mrtg/index.html




五安装FTP连接数监视[默认5分钟采集一次] 

切换到超级用户： 
sudo -sH 

建立FTP脚本： 
mkdir /opt/mrtg 
vim /opt/mrtg/mrtg.ftp 
#!/bin/bash 
all=`netstat -a | grep ftp|awk '{print $5}'|sort | wc -l|awk '{print$1 - 1}'` 
user=`netstat -a | grep ftp|awk '{print $5}'|cut -d":" -f1|sort| uniq |wc -l | awk '{print $1 - 1}'` 
if [ "$all" = "-1" ]; then 
echo 0 
else 
echo $all 
fi 
if [ "$user" = "-1" ]; then 
echo 0 
else 
echo $user 
fi 
UPtime=`/usr/bin/uptime | awk '{print $3 " " $4 " " $5}'` 
echo $UPtime 
hostname 

使脚本可以执行： 
chmod +755 /opt/mrtg/mrtg.ftp 

修改 /etc/mrtg.cfg 在文件最后加入ftp项目 
Target[ftp]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.ftp` 
MaxBytes[ftp]: 500 
Options[ftp]: nopercent, growright 
YLegend[ftp]: Online Users 
ShortLegend[ftp]: % 
LegendI[ftp]: &nbsp; Connect : 
LegendO[ftp]: &nbsp; Online : 
Title[ftp]: FTP Connect 
PageTop[ftp]: <H1> FTP Connect </H1> 

重新生成索引页面： 
indexmaker /etc/mrtg.cfg > /var/www/mrtg/index.html




六安装CPU温度监视[默认5分钟采集一次] 

切换到超级用户： 
sudo -sH 

安装软件： 
apt-get install mbmon 

建立CPU温度脚本： 
mkdir /opt/mrtg 
vim /opt/mrtg/mrtg.temp 
#!/bin/bash 
/usr/bin/mbmon -c 1 -i -T 4 -u -n 
exit 0 

使脚本可以执行： 
chmod +755 /opt/mrtg/mrtg.temp 

修改 /etc/mrtg.cfg 在文件最后加入cpu项目 
Target[temp]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.temp` 
MaxBytes[temp]: 100 
Title[temp]: CPU Temperature 
PageTop[temp]: <H1>CPU Temperature</H1> 
Options[temp]: gauge,absolute,unknaszero,growright 
YLegend[temp]: Temperature(C) 
ShortLegend[temp]: (C) 
Legend1[temp]: CPU Temperature 
Legend2[temp]: M/B Temperature 
LegendI[temp]: CPU Temp. 
LegendO[temp]: M/B Temp. 

重新生成索引页面： 
indexmaker /etc/mrtg.cfg > /var/www/mrtg/index.html




七硬盘读写监视[默认5分钟采集一次] 

切换到超级用户： 
sudo -sH 

建立硬盘读写脚本： 
mkdir /opt/mrtg 
vim /opt/mrtg/mrtg.disk 
#!/bin/bash 
hd=sda 
disk=/dev/$hd 
UPtime=`/usr/bin/uptime |awk '{print $3""$4""$5}'` 
KBread_sec=`iostat -x $disk|grep $hd |awk '{print 8$}'` 
KBwrite_sec=`iostat -x $disk|grep $hd |awk '{print 9$}'` 
echo $KBread_sec 
echo $KBwrite_sec 
echo $UPtime 
hostname 

使脚本可以执行： 
chmod +755 /opt/mrtg/mrtg.disk 

修改 /etc/mrtg.cfg 在文件最后加入硬盘读写 
Target[disk]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.disk` 
Title[disk]: Disk HDA I/O Utilization Report 
#Unscaled[disk]: dwym 
MaxBytes[disk]: 10240000 
PageTop[disk]: <H1>Disk I/O Utilization Report</H1> 
kmg[disk]: KB,MB,GB 
LegendI[disk]: Disk I/O KBread/sec 
LegendO[disk]: Disk I/O KBwrite/sec 
Legend1[disk]: Disk I/O KBread/sec 
Legend2[disk]: Disk I/O KBwrite/sec 
YLegend[disk]: Megabytes 
ShortLegend[disk]: & 
Options[disk]: growright,gauge,nopercent 

重新生成索引页面： 
indexmaker /etc/mrtg.cfg > /var/www/mrtg/index.html




九：交换分区 

切换到超级用户： 
sudo -sH 

建立交换分区脚本： 
mkdir /opt/mrtg 
vim /opt/mrtg/mrtg.swap 
#!/bin/bash 
# This script to monitor the swap usage. 
totalswap=`/usr/bin/free |grep Swap |awk '{print $2}'` 
usedswap=`/usr/bin/free |grep Swap |awk '{print $3}'` 
echo "$totalswap" 
echo "$usedswap" 

使脚本可以执行： 
chmod +755 /opt/mrtg/mrtg.swap 

修改 /etc/mrtg.cfg 在文件最后加入 
Target[swap]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.swap` 
MaxBytes[swap]: 2048000 
Title[swap]:Memory State of Server 
ShortLegend[swap]: & 
kmg[swap]:kB,MB 
kilo[swap]:1024 
YLegend[swap]: Swap Usage 
Legend1[swap]: Total Swap 
Legend2[swap]: Used Swap 
LegendI[swap]: Total Swap 
LegendO[swap]: Used Swap 
Options[swap]: growright,gauge,nopercent 
PageTop[swap]:<H1>Swap</H1> 

重新生成索引页面： 
indexmaker /etc/mrtg.cfg > /var/www/mrtg/index.html


下面的是全套mrtg.conf的配置文件


# Created by
# /usr/bin/cfgmaker public@localhost

### Global Config Options

#  for UNIX
# WorkDir: /home/http/mrtg

#  for Debian
WorkDir: /var/www/mrtg

#  or for NT
# WorkDir: c:\mrtgdata

### Global Defaults

#  to get bits instead of bytes and graphs growing to the right
# Options[_]: growright, bits

EnableIPv6: no

######################################################################
# System: mrtg-test
# Description: Linux mrtg-test 2.6.32-4-pve #1 SMP Tue Mar 29 09:08:37 CEST 2011 i686
# Contact: Root <root@localhost> (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)
# Location: Unknown (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)
######################################################################

### Interface 1 >> Descr: 'lo' | Name: 'lo' | Ip: '127.0.0.1' | Eth: '' ###
### The following interface is commented out because:
### * it is a Software Loopback interface
#
#Target[localhost_lo]: #lo:public@localhost:
#SetEnv[localhost_lo]: MRTG_INT_IP="127.0.0.1" MRTG_INT_DESCR="lo"
#MaxBytes[localhost_lo]: 1250000
#Title[localhost_lo]: Traffic Analysis for lo -- mrtg-test
#PageTop[localhost_lo]: <h1>Traffic Analysis for lo -- mrtg-test</h1>
# 		<div id="sysdetails">
# 			<table>
#				<tr>
# 					<td>System:</td>
# 					<td>mrtg-test in Unknown (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>Maintainer:</td>
# 					<td>Root &lt;root@localhost&gt; (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>Description:</td>
# 					<td>lo  </td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>ifType:</td>
# 					<td>softwareLoopback (24)</td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>ifName:</td>
# 					<td>lo</td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>Max Speed:</td>
# 					<td>1250.0 kBytes/s</td>
# 				</tr>
# 				<tr>
# 					<td>Ip:</td>
##### 					<td>127.0.0.1 (localhost.localdomain)</td>
# 				</tr>
# 			</table>
# 		</div>
#

### Interface 2 >> Descr: 'venet0' | Name: 'venet0' | Ip: '61.189.20.55' | Eth: '' ###
### The following interface is commented out because:
### * has a speed of 0 which makes no sense
#
Target[localhost_venet0]: #venet0:public@localhost:
SetEnv[localhost_venet0]: MRTG_INT_IP="61.189.20.55" MRTG_INT_DESCR="venet0"
MaxBytes[localhost_venet0]: 125000
Title[localhost_venet0]: Traffic Analysis for venet0 -- mrtg-test
PageTop[localhost_venet0]: <h1>Traffic Analysis for venet0 -- mrtg-test</h1>
 		<div id="sysdetails">
 			<table>
 				<tr>
 					<td>System:</td>
 					<td>mrtg-test in Unknown (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>Maintainer:</td>
 					<td>Root &lt;root@localhost&gt; (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>Description:</td>
 					<td>venet0  </td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>ifType:</td>
 					<td>Other (1)</td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>ifName:</td>
 					<td>venet0</td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>Max Speed:</td>
 					<td>0.0 Bytes/s</td>
 				</tr>
 				<tr>
 					<td>Ip:</td>
 					<td>61.189.20.55 (mrtg-test.vps.207.bfidc.com)</td>
 				</tr>
 			</table>
 		</div>
#####################
Target[cpu]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.cpu`
MaxBytes[cpu]: 100
Options[cpu]: gauge, nopercent, growright
YLegend[cpu]: CPU loading (%)
ShortLegend[cpu]: %
LegendO[cpu]: &nbsp; CPU us;
LegendI[cpu]: &nbsp; CPU sy;
Title[cpu]: CPU Loading
PageTop[cpu]: <H1>CPU Loading</H1>
#####################
Target[www]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.www`
MaxBytes[www]: 500
Options[www]: nopercent, growright
YLegend[www]: Online Users
ShortLegend[www]: %
LegendI[www]: &nbsp; Connect :
LegendO[www]: &nbsp; Online :
Title[www]: WWW Connect
PageTop[www]: <H1> WWW Connect </H1>
#####################
Target[ram]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.ram`
#Unscaled[ram]: dwym
MaxBytes[ram]: 2048000
Title[ram]:Memory
ShortLegend[ram]: &
kmg[ram]:kB,MB
kilo[ram]:1024
YLegend[ram]: &nbsp; Memory Usage :
Legend1[ram]: &nbsp; Total Memory :
Legend2[ram]: &nbsp; Used Memory :
LegendI[ram]: &nbsp; Total Memory :
LegendO[ram]: &nbsp; Used Memory :
Options[ram]: growright,gauge,nopercent
PageTop[ram]:<H1>Memory</H1>
#####################
Target[temp]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.temp`
MaxBytes[temp]: 100
Title[temp]: CPU Temperature
PageTop[temp]: <H1>CPU Temperature</H1>
Options[temp]: gauge,absolute,unknaszero,growright
YLegend[temp]: Temperature(C)
ShortLegend[temp]: (C)
Legend1[temp]: CPU Temperature
Legend2[temp]: M/B Temperature
LegendI[temp]: CPU Temp.
LegendO[temp]: M/B Temp.
#####################
Target[disk]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.disk`
Title[disk]: Disk HDA I/O Utilization Report
#Unscaled[disk]: dwym
MaxBytes[disk]: 10240000
PageTop[disk]: <H1>Disk I/O Utilization Report</H1>
kmg[disk]: KB,MB,GB
LegendI[disk]: Disk I/O KBread/sec
LegendO[disk]: Disk I/O KBwrite/sec
Legend1[disk]: Disk I/O KBread/sec
Legend2[disk]: Disk I/O KBwrite/sec
YLegend[disk]: Megabytes
ShortLegend[disk]: &
Options[disk]: growright,gauge,nopercent
#####################

#####################
Target[swap]: `/opt/mrtg/mrtg.swap`
MaxBytes[swap]: 2048000
Title[swap]:Memory State of Server
ShortLegend[swap]: &
kmg[swap]:kB,MB
kilo[swap]:1024
YLegend[swap]: Swap Usage
Legend1[swap]: Total Swap
Legend2[swap]: Used Swap
LegendI[swap]: Total Swap
LegendO[swap]: Used Swap
Options[swap]: growright,gauge,nopercent
PageTop[swap]:<H1>Swap</H1>
#2011/12/3

		
				

		

	


    

	
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